RESEARCH : Different Kinds Of Trailers

Teaser – The teaser is usually shorter, with the Mr Holmes teaser lasting only fifty one seconds, it is usually only contains the most impactful, memorable lines and only showcases one or two major characters. The short runtime means that it is common for it to be designed for and to be posted on social media. It’s main purpose is to grab the audience’s attention and raise awareness of the film. The teaser informs the viewers of the man behind the myth and what the film will be exploring

Main trailer – this kind of trailer showcases more elements of the story and cast, the main trailer is usually longer with the sherlock trailer lasting one minute fifty four seconds. It contains more information about the story and the characters. It is common for the main trailer to feature more scenes and to hold more information regarding the story. it reaches out to typical audiences and incorporated additional trailers by exploring them more and get people to want to see the film more.

TV spot – the tv spot is made to build awareness it promotes the good parts of the film/show that it is promoting, the spot is commonly just a single scene that gives the viewer a taste of the film and informs the viewer of the chemistry between the cast and the type of story it will be telling, it usually holds a few lines to get the viewers attention for example in the Mr Holmes spot, one of the characters says “a few drops will more than suffice” this grabs the audience’s attention as they want to know what it is more than sufficient for”.

RESEARCH : Trailer Analysis, Attack on Titan Season 4 (Final Season)

Trailer Analysis: Attack On Titan Season 4

How does the trailer signal its genre through visual and sound codes?

The genre is action-adventure. This is shown by the camera work at the action scenes. They are often either circulating around the action (like the scene with the cart titan), slowly panning inwards or outwards( like the scene with the soldier talking to the bird) or slightly erratic, seeming almost handheld as seen with the action scenes with the cart titan attacking the soldiers. 

The camera work helps to enforce the idea that the genre is action and helps to make the trailer more dynamic overall as opposed to using static cameras.

The trailer is clearly animation which means that there are no real actors cast (this is the meaning of star talent).  The trailer does however makes it clear which characters have the major roles, and how factions such as Western, Eastern and Sci-fi characters are positioned through their actions and through use of close-ups on their faces and expressions which in turn reveal heroic or villainous traits.  

The sound used in this trailer is primarily tense music to set the mood for the trailer, with the soundtrack used increasing in volume as the trailer goes on, this helps to connote the war genre that is one of the many genres that the story incorporates into the trailer. The tense music is usually coupled with the titans, so it helps to support the horror themes that it takes inspiration from. The language spoken entirely throughout this trailer is Japanese, indicating that the show is a foreign language show.

How does the trailer draw attention to the roles taken, particularly star talent?

The trailer doesn't particularly draw attention to star talents that worked on production.

The only time when anything was directly mentioned was that it was an original story by Hajime Isayama who wrote the whole story and that it was produced by studio Mappa (having produced titles such as Yuri on Ice, Kakegurui and Hajime No Ippo).

What essential narrative elements are explained in the inter-titles?

It explains that there are 'new warriors' which leads the viewers to believe that there are going to be more characters introduced. The next inter title explains that there is going to be a 'new world' which implies that the world they currently live in is wrong and needs changing.

Another one of the inter titles explains that 'history will be reborn', this implies to the viewer that they are trying to change the system permanently and completely start again.

'The truth is questioned', this inter title raises a question that leaves the viewers wanting an answer and doubting what is true and what is false.

The final set of inter titles states 'fight, and snatch away the future', this grabs the viewers attention and makes them wonder if the protagonists will win, and how they will rebuild the future if they get the opportunity to do so.

How does the trailer use dialogue

The trailer uses dialogue primarily to explain exposition, this is clear as the voice-over explains that Eren is some sort of criminal and terrorist, when he is, in fact, the protagonist of the story.

However, at the beginning, the injured man speaks in a crackly raspy tone signalling that the story is going to cause pain, and people will receive an injury or possibly die.

The trailer limits its use of dialogue so that every line holds a lot of impact and information that the viewer can dissect.  The dialogue is primarily used by minor characters and the antagonistic forces. This helps build a viewpoint of the antagonists.  



What institutional information does the trailer contain, such as names of production company, talent, director, release date?

The trailer primarily contains who the story was written by and the studio used for production.

The production studio, MAPPA, produced Yuri on ice, Hajime no Ippo and Kakegurui which are all very popular and well known titles. The use of the production studio name will encourage more people to watch the show, because they associate MAPPA with other quality shows. 

It also explains where it will be broadcast,  to make sure that everyone knows where to watch the show. This is important as high volume of viewers will mean more profit.

What many different elements make it a good trailer?

The blend of music and action syncs up to make a great action trailer that raises enough questions to make you want to watch the show.

The more sombre moment like the part with the soldier at the beginning serves as a way to get you emotionally invested as you want to see what happened to the soldier.

In contrast, the tense operatic style music blends well with the action and speech being shown and told in the trailer. 

The questions heavily implied in the trailer are as follows:

Will the protagonists complete their goal?

Who will survive?

What are the secrets that will be revealed? 

These all help to make it a good trailer and will encourage people to watch it.

Why does it inspire me?

It inspires me as the dialogue and scenes chosen make a great trailer, it makes me invested to find out what happens next. It captivates me with a blend of action, story, and emotion that inspires me to want to watch more.

The cuts between different characters also compel me to want to make a similar universe in storytelling where each character is just as prevalent and important as each other. I feel the trailer does exactly this.

There is a perfect balance of action and spectacle with emotion and sombre moments.

RESEARCH : Why Is A Trailer Made?

A Trailer is commonly made to inform a public audience of the existence, premise and USP's of your film or show. It is commonly stylised to appeal to the audience that the film would be trying to reach, for example a trailer for a horror film would likely follow conventions of dark shadows looming over the monster.

A trailer must :
- inform the viewers of your premise
- show enough information to get your viewers invested in the film or show.
- withhold enough information to make your viewers want to watch the film/show ( it is common for it to be a question that will be answered in the film for example, who is the murderer, will the hero accomplish his/her goal, etc).

alongside the above trailers are often used to inform people of three main things :
-The genre of the story
-The hooks of the story
-The characters in the story.

RESEARCH : Where Would A Film Be Released?

When releasing their films into cinemas a distributor must consider multiple things, firstly they must consider if they want their film to get a saturated or a selected release.

A saturated release would mean that their film would be released in multiple cinemas, and multiple screenings a day. It is common for big films distributed by big companies such as Disney, paramount, etc to receive this kind of release, with examples being the harry potter films, the live action classics owned by Disney (e.g. Aladdin, the lion king, etc). This is because Disney and paramount have the money to give their films such wide and long cinematic releases, therefore they would keep their  films in cinema for a long time to help maximise profits, and sales.

A selected release is more common for films produced by smaller companies and smaller directors. These kind of releases are often short and limited to a few cinemas, often only screening in places their film would be most likely to be successful. For example I, Daniel Blake received very limited screenings 

RESEARCH : When Do Trailers Appear?

Trailers are commonly released during a window that would best maximise sales for that film, for example a seasonal film such as a Christmas film would be released during the Christmas season, leading to more sales as people are looking for that kind of film during that period.

Distributors would keep track of their competitors film's release scheduled to make sure that they don't release films during the same window as them, this is done to maximise sales and make profits as large as they possibly can. Therefore that would mean that their trailers would be posted during a time where there is limited competition to gain public knowledge and interest before their competitors have a chance to do the same.

                           

They look for when the best weekend would be to start screening, this is because films earn most of their money throughout their theatrical run during their opening weekend, so if it failed then they would have to withdraw the film.

Distributors must also consider holding the film back and not have multiple screenings in one day this is primarily done to sell out their screenings and will allow the distributor to argue that the film deserves more screenings as the demand for the film has increased and be able to convince cinemas to keep it playing as long as possible.

RESEARCH : What Is A Film's Selling Points?

A film distributor would need to look at the film and decide what aspects of the film place it apart from the rest. The hooks of a film are what is generally used to grab potential audiences attention. It is common for a distributor to try to capitalise on big name stars that worked on the film or they will talk about previous films that stars have worked on; this gets potential audiences attention.

Chris Besseling stated that a when you put any product into a marketplace, including films, you have to immediately identify two things: the target audience and the unique selling points that sets it apart from other films. This helps the marketers to find a set of people to market their film towards and will help them realise what their film needs to be marketed as to best grab the attention of their target audience.

He tells us to identify the key strengths that you can exploit and use over the course of the film's campaign to help increase the revenue the film will get. It is common that the strengths are a well known actor or a well known director. He then tells us to put them at the forefront of the campaign. Another key strength would be to identify if it's already able to cash in on a pre-existing audience as they could get more revenue if the audience is already aware of the story, for example successive films such as the Star Wars films.

Kezia Williams stated that at any moment during the film campaign distributors will look for key themes, unique selling points and hooks. She also said that emotional aspects of the film can be used to grab the audiences attention and be used as the USP for the film. This means that it is the distributors job to identify these grips and use them to promote and advertise the film/show.

RESEARCH : How The Campaign Works?

There are two primary types of costs : above the line and below the line. Above the line costs are the necessary costs to create an online presence for the film, primarily through posters, social media, trailers, etc. Below the line costs is more engaged in that the actors will do interviews, there will be a premiere, etc. It is common for these events to be opened to the press and to the audience to attend and interact with the actors, directors and all the other people that are involved with the film.

The amount spent on promotion is usually calculated by how much they assume they will earn throughout the film's run and then they will calculate how much they have to spend based on how much profit they predict to earn. They are able to do this as the distributors will look within the same genre's at similar film's earnings and see how profitable they were. Then they will calculate how well they think the film will do and use that value to calculate how much they have to spend on promotion.

The campaign works because the distributor will identify the target market and find a way to advertise and promote their film to best appeal to the audience they are trying to target.

Distributors spent around £350 million in advertisement for their films in 2014, with £160 million of that being spent on trailers, publicity events such as premieres and interviews, and production and the actual delivery to the cinemas and home screens.

One of the most influential parts of advertisement is the poster. It needs to show what the film is about, who is involved with the production of the film, and need to be engaging and catch the eye of the by-passers. Also if the poster is a sequel to another film it has to show that somewhere, usually with colouring, style and actors, and example of a series of posters that exist within a franchise is shown below with the Star Wars posters.

  

Trailers can be classified in four main ways:

Teaser – The teaser is usually shorter, with the Mr Holmes teaser lasting only fifty one seconds, it is usually only contains the most impactful, memorable lines and only showcases one or two major characters. The short runtime means that it is common for it to be designed for and to be posted on social media. It’s main purpose is to grab the audience’s attention and to

Main trailer – this kind of trailer showcases more elements of the story and cast, the main trailer is usually longer with the sherlock trailer lasting one minute fifty four seconds. It contains more information about the story and the characters. It is common for the main trailer to feature more scenes and to hold more information regarding the story.

TV spot – an advert which contains the actors, messages and aims to promote the film/show by showing a scene or a quick montage to promote the film and get people to watch it.

RESEARCH : Who Is A Film Marketed Towards?

On the FDA website, Kezia Williams (Entertainment One Uk) explains the importance of targeting the correct audience and ensuring that you are aware of their likes and dislikes as well as what, in turn, will ensure that they will view your film and leave positive reviews.

Marketability - This is the ability for a film to be sold or marketed. To be able to convince a stranger to watch a film after hearing about it or seeing snippets of the film via a trailer is vital for it to be a success and in turn for it to make a profit and hit targets.

Playablitity - This is about the quality of the film. How well the target audience will respond to the film once they start their viewing. Will they buy the DVD or stream it when it's released? Will they talk about it and spread awareness? A positive reaction is vital for the success of the film. If a film is marketed correctly and is of high quality it should be replayed more and will have a longer life span than of something of a lesser quality.

Above I have completed a selection of tasks to help me in my understanding of who a film can be marketed towards by looking at the interests of people and how to possibly market a film towards a specific audience. I looked at how professionals completed this task and will use what I have learnt to help me with my future project. In doing this I have gained a better understanding of how to correctly market a film to get the highest number of views and sales.

RESEARCH : The Role Of The Distributor

I used the FDA site 'the film space' to research the role of the distributor. Mark Batey explains that it's the distributor's role to consider how they will distribute the film.

The Distributor analyses what the film is about and who the target audience would be, then adjust the marketing and distribution to suite the target audience. For example a film marketed towards teenagers would most likely be distributed online, however a film marketed towards toddlers or smaller children would be distributed on TV channels that target children, like CBBC. It is the role of the distributor to identify every possible audience and find a way to market the film towards that audience to best maximise revenue and profit from that film.

When they distribute the film it must be considered if it is seasonal and would be more successful if released at a certain time, e.g. horror films will be more successful if released near Halloween. Therefore they will consider the time that a film would be released to best maximise revenue and sales.

They may need to distribute their film on streaming services if the film is marketed towards teenagers or young adults, or they may give it a theatrical run if they deem it profitable to do so. This is because most young adults and teenagers use streaming services more frequently than other forms of media. This would be one of the most important parts of distribution as they would need to make sure that there is an established audience and that the audience chosen is marketed towards them as best as possible.

Distributors may market their film through advertisement through usage of posters (both cast posters and solo posters), trailers, events, premiers. Because the UK market is very crowded, it means that it can be difficult to market their film and get it in the public eye, which is why many distributors will try to promote their film by employing big name stars like Robert Downey Jr for Avengers or John Krasinski for A Quiet Place. Promotion is crucial within a crowded market.

What?

A film distributor would need to look at the film and decide what aspects of the film place it apart from the rest. The hooks of a film are what is generally used to grab potential audiences attention. It is common for a distributor to try to capitalise on big name stars that worked on the film or they will talk about previous films that stars have worked on; this gets potential audiences attention.

Who?
A distributor must consider who they would be marketing their film towards as to best maximise profits, this is crucial to the success of a film as if the distributor markets their film  towards the wrong group of people that will show no interest in the film then the film will be unsuccessful. They also need to consider how marketable the film is, and how playable the film is.

Marketability - be able to convince a stranger to watch a film after hearing about it or seeing snippets of the film.

Playablitity - how well the target audience will respond to the film once they start their viewing.

How?

There are two primary types of costs : above the line and below the line. Above the line costs are the necessary costs to create an online presence for the film, primarily through posters, social media, trailers, etc. Below the line costs is more engaged in that the actors will do interviews, there will be a premiere, etc. It is common for these events to be opened to the press and to the audience to attend and interact with the actors, directors and all the other people that are involved with the film.

The amount spent on promotion is usually calculated by how much they assume they will earn throughout the film's run and then they will calculate how much they have to spend based on how much profit they predict to earn. They are able to do this as the distributors will look within the same genre's at similar film's earnings and see how profitable they were. Then they will calculate how well they think the film will do and use that value to calculate how much they have to spend on promotion. The campaign works because the distributor will identify the target market and find a way to advertise and promote their film to best appeal to the audience they are trying to target.

When?
A distributor must consider when the best time to release a film would be, they would have to consider seasonality, for example horror films would be more successful if released in the Halloween period, however a romantic comedy would be more successful if released around valentines day, etc.

For non seasonal films (such as the marvel films, or the star wars films) they may have to consider other things than seasonality, for example they may consider other films similar to their films, or maybe they may consider what the trends are, these would all affect the overall success of a film and would mean that they could earn more or less profits depending on when they choose to distribute their film and allow for screenings.

RESEARCH : Movie Trailer Websites

Movie trailer websites that I currently use are :

YouTube - I use this site because it has almost every trailer available to find. Therefore it helps me when I need to look for films and shows to watch as there are millions of trailers available. I also use this site because the algorithm means that I get recommended more trailers and films that are similar to the trailers I have already seen, which helps me find films that I would enjoy more easily and more quickly. They also have a section specifically for trailers to make it easier to find ones I like the look of.

Movie trailer websites that I will be using more often to help me find more trailers to study will be :

Trailer Addict - This site is specifically for trailers, which means that I will be using this site to help me find unique trailers to study. The easy layout of the trailers helps in finding more to watch, However, the amount of space taken up with each trailer when browsing is very large, so it will be difficult to properly browse multiple trailers as it takes me quite a bit of time to scroll past a large number of trailers to find some for lesser known films (it forces a lot of mega-mainstream film trailers produced by massive corporations like Disney at the front of their 'explore' page).

MUBI - This site consists of trailers for lesser known indie films that are targeted towards a more mature audience, which will help get ideas and helps with finding more mature films to watch. They also shine the spotlight onto smaller directors to help promote their films that may get lost against the bigger mainstream distributors such as Disney, Warner Brothers and Paramount. It will also help me understand how smaller film distributors may market their films and how they may structure their trailers as opposed to how the mainstream distributors may structure theirs.

The FDA yearbook has updated information on websites such as YouTube, IMDB and Twitter. This shows what kinds of websites are most commonly used to engage with audiences and post updates on the film and the trailers for previously mentioned films as well. It helps to identify the importance of sites like Instagram and Twitter to the success of a film. It can be used to identify their target audience and work out how best to market to them.

RESEARCH : Introduction To Trailers

How do you find out about films?

I find out about films through multiple different methods, primarily consisting of recommendations from friends and family, as well as trailers and reviews by people on the internet. This helps me to find films that I would never have found or even considered otherwise. One of the primary ways that I find films are the trailers that stream on YouTube and the trailers that play before the films at the cinema. 

What makes you want to see a film?

If the film has an interesting premise or someone I personally like (e.g. Christopher Nolan) was involved with the film then I'll be more likely to watch it. I also am inclined to watch something if it received high reviews on a film website such as Rotten Tomatoes or IMDB or looks appealing in the trailers on sites I've previously mentioned. For an example of  a trailer that would make me want to watch the film would be the trailer below for Christopher Nolan's new movie Tenet, which provides a fresh concept and seemingly good execution.

How do I know what to expect from a film?

I know what to expect from a film by looking at the description and watching the trailer for the film. This means that I will be able to understand the genre the story will be, the plot of the story and the different conventions the film will employ.

What am I paying for when I buy a cinema ticket?

When I buy a movie ticket I expect the film to pay for the expectations built by the trailers and pay off the ideas shown in the trailers. I also expect for the film to stick to the themes that were shown in the trailers otherwise I would come out of the film feeling dissatisfied.

Are there films I have to see in cinema or does it not really matter?

To me it doesn't really matter, I feel that whilst the cinema experience is objectively better than watching on streaming services or DVD's it wouldn't change my experience of the film itself, if anything it feels better as I am on my own or surrounded by people that understand basic cinema etiquette and not ruin the experience, and it happens reasonably frequently. So I cannot say that I would say there are any films that I have to see in cinema.